{"id":10858,"date":"2021-12-01T09:14:18","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T09:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otemuseum.valuecom-demos.com\/discover\/xronologio\/"},"modified":"2024-11-08T10:42:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T10:42:22","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/en\/discover\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Telegraphy (1859-2019)<\/a> Telephony (1892-1945) <\/a> OTE Group, the new beginning (1949-2023)<\/a> Mobile Telephony (1910-2021)<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n
\n
\n \n 1859<\/span>\n
Telegraphy was launched in Greece.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1859<\/b>\n

23 years after the invention of the electric telegraph by Morse (1836), and 5 years after\u00a0the first submarine cables<\/strong>\u00a0had been submerged in the Mediterranean Sea (1854), in March 1859, the law establishing the Telegraph Service, which until then was under the Ministry of Interior, was passed.<\/p>\n

The submarine cable connecting Syros to Piraeus was submerged. Athens was connected to the\u00a0international telegraph network<\/strong>\u00a0through Chios-Smyrna and started its telegraphic communication with abroad. The then Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexandros Rizos Ragkavis, considered the work to be \u201cthe first big industry business\u201d.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0installation of overhead telegraph lines<\/strong>\u00a0connecting Athens to Piraeus and Patras to Aigion was launched.<\/p>\n

During the first three months of Telegraph operations,\u00a04,072 telegrams were sent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Telegraphy constituted the first application of electricity in Greece.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1861<\/span>\n
The law giving the state a monopoly on telegraphy was passed.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1861<\/b>\n

There was a\u00a0pressing need for telegraphy<\/strong>\u00a0in order for the\u00a0Greek trade<\/strong>\u00a0to function properly due to its reselling and transit nature. The Minister of Interior, K. Proveleggios, stated in front of the National Assembly that \u201cThe cunning invention of the telegraphic correspondence [abolishes] every local boundary and a resident of Athens can easily correspond with a resident of London [\u2026] Sailing maritime will benefit the most from the enhancement of telegraphic correspondence as it can be informed of every fare and will be able to arrive timely and beneficially wherever there is a need for good transport services\u201d.<\/p>\n

It is telling that the\u00a0first telegrams<\/strong>\u00a0of this period (1859-1865) retained at OTE Telecommunications Museum were of\u00a0commercial<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0bank-related nature<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1862<\/span>\n
Telegraph Offices were established in Lamia, Missolonghi, Argos, Nafplio, Tripoli, Thiva and Livadeia.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1862<\/b>\n

The first telegraph offices were established in 1859<\/strong>\u00a0in Athens, Piraeus, Syros, Aigio and Patras while in 1861 Korinthos was equipped with its own telegraph office.\u00a0By 1862, there were overall 13 Greek cities<\/strong>\u00a0with telegraph offices and 899 km of telegraph lines.<\/p>\n

At a time when road network was non-existent and transport was carried out under difficult circumstances, mainly via maritime routes, the equipment of a city with a telegraph line was considered a major event and the grand opening of\u00a0every city\u2019s telegraph office was taking on celebratory proportions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1872<\/span>\n
The Greek State concluded a contract with the English company Levant Submarine Telegraph Company in order to expand its submarine telegraph network.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1872<\/b>\n

After all external telecommunications were interrupted (1861), as a result of damaged submarine cables, the Greek governments decided to grant the privilege of\u00a0maintenance and operation of telegraph lines to private companies<\/strong>. In 1866, the Greek state granted the Ralli-Binney company the exclusive right to install, at its own expense, submarine telegraph lines that united the coastal regions of Greece with each other and with other countries (Egypt, Italy, Austria).<\/p>\n

In 1872, Ralli-Binney granted said right to the English company\u00a0Levant Submarine Telegraph Company<\/strong>. The \u201cEastern\u201d company was founded in London, in 1856, and the following year had already undertaken the telegraphic connection between Constantinople and Crete, Palestine and Egypt.<\/p>\n

After the expansion of submarine lines, Greece was connected to the Mediterranean telegraph network. A few years earlier, in 1869, the\u00a0Suez Canal was officially opened<\/strong>\u00a0and Mediterranean had become once more, after centuries, financially and geopolitically important since it was connected to every commercial distributor in Asia.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1878<\/span>\n
Levant Submarine Telegraph Company was taken over by and merged with Eastern Telegraph Company, the largest telegraph company at that time.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1878<\/b>\n

Eastern Telegraph Company undertook to\u00a0submerge new submarine cables<\/strong>\u00a0which would connect most of the Greek coastal cities and islands to other countries.<\/p>\n

This company\u00a0significantly improved<\/strong>\u00a0telegraph communications and connected with approximately 1000 mile submarine cables the Greek Archipelago to Piraeus.\u00a0Twelve lines were constructed<\/strong>\u00a0between Zante, Lefkada, Ithaka, Corfu and Spetses, Hydra, Syros, Tinos, Andros, Euboea for domestic communication, and three lines for external communication between Malta-Zante, Patras-Siros and Piraeus-Siros-Chios-Crete-Alexandria.<\/p>\n

The company\u2019s contract\u00a0<\/strong>was supposed to expire in 1916 but was extended until 1923 due to World War I.<\/p>\n

Eastern Telegraph<\/strong>\u00a0was operating in tandem with Greek Telegraph Offices and was later (1937)\u00a0merged with Cable and Wireless Limited company<\/strong>. Finally, it was taken over by the Greek State in 1956.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1882<\/span>\n
The first Faculty of Telegraphy was founded.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1882<\/b>\n

By the law of 22nd June\u00a01882<\/strong>,\u00a0the Faculty of Telegraphy was established as part of the National Technical University of Athens<\/strong>. The duration of studies was at least one year and the students, who had to be in possession of a diploma of secondary education,\u00a0attended courses<\/strong>\u00a0of theory and practice of telegraphy, physics, chemistry, French and calligraphy.<\/p>\n

The establishment of the faculty was the result of a reforming and modernising programme introduced by the Charilaos Trikoupis-led government, integrated in the general framework of\u00a0transformation\u00a0which characterised the Greek prime minister\u2019s policy (1882-1895).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1887<\/span>\n
The Telegraph Service was merged with the Postal Service into a Directorate-General of Postal and Telegraph Services (TT) of the Ministry of Interior.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1887<\/b>\n

During the governance of Charilaos Trikoupis, a Belgian mission undertook the\u00a0reorganisation<\/strong>\u00a0of the telegraph and postal service. The founding of TT had a positive effect on the dissemination of telegraphy. Three years later, there were already\u00a0177 operational telegraph centres across Greece<\/strong>, which had increased in size owing to the annexation of Thessaly and Arta in 1881.<\/p>\n

Between the years 1883 and 1887, telegrams\u00a0increased by<\/strong>\u00a040%.<\/p>\n

*The picture illustrates an aspect of the TTT building, the neoclassical Melas mansion located in modern Kotzia Square.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1896<\/span>\n
The Directorate-General of Postal and Telegraph Services (TT) included Telephony as well, resulting to the formation of a Directorate-General of Telephone, Postal and Telegraph Service (TTT).<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1896<\/b>\n

That was a very important year for Greece. The\u00a0revival of the Olympic Games<\/strong>\u00a0in their birthplace of Athens came in 1896. Gold medalist Spiros Louis would dedicate his victory to national benefactor Georgios Averof by a telegram: \u201cI won the Marathon. The glory of this victory is a tribute to you\u201d.<\/p>\n

That was an important year for the\u00a0evolution of telegraphy<\/strong>;\u00a0Marconi<\/strong>\u00a0used electromagnetic waves for the transmission of messages and established the wireless communication.<\/p>\n

In Greece,\u00a0wireless telegraphy<\/strong>\u00a0was used for the first time\u00a0by the Navy<\/strong>\u00a0in 1910<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1914<\/span>\n
The Directorate-General of Telephone, Postal and Telegraph Service (TTT) was transferred to the newly established by Law 276, Ministry of Transport.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1914<\/b>\n

After the appointment of Eleftherios Venizelos as prime minister, Greece was shaped by necessary political and administrative reforms such as the establishment of the\u00a0Ministry of Transport<\/strong>\u00a0(later Ministry of Transport and Communication). The removal of TTT from the Ministry of Interior and its placement under the control of a separate Ministry was indicative of the\u00a0increasing importance of telecommunications<\/strong>\u00a0for the Greek state and society.<\/p>\n

The Greek state<\/strong>\u00a0undertook the management of the Greek Railways telegraph service, which had been opened by Batignolles in the years 1902-1903, and\u00a0expanded the telegraph network<\/strong>\u00a0to all railways, as, after the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), Greece\u2019s size had doubled.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1925<\/span>\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1925<\/b>\n

The\u00a0largest telegraphic traffic in Greece was recorded<\/strong>. The telegrams exchanged reached 5,483,000, namely approximately one telegram per capita.<\/p>\n

The events that occurred during 1924-1935, i.e. the\u00a0demographic explosion<\/strong>\u00a0(1.5 million refugees from Asia Minor were added to the post-Balkan wars doubled population), the financial growth and social modernisation were accompanied by\u00a0progress in the field of telegraphy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In\u00a01922<\/strong>, Baudot's\u00a0multiple system<\/strong>\u00a0was installed on the\u00a0Athens-Thessaloniki line<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0another 8 intercity routes<\/strong>\u00a0facing the most traffic, with a transmission data rate of up to 360 letters per minute. The system used a keyboard with\u00a0five keys in line<\/strong>\u00a0with a person's five fingers, and is considered the precursor of the teleprinter. The most common keyboard, so far, had had two keys.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1935<\/span>\n
The first teleprinters became operational.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1935<\/b>\n

A teleprinter was an electromechanical typewriter that\u00a0could be used to send and receive typed messages<\/strong>\u00a0from point to point via an electric system<\/strong>. It was inaugurated in\u00a01910<\/strong>\u00a0by the American Postal -Telegraph company for the line Boston-New York city. In Europe, its use was generalised in the 1920s.<\/p>\n

The handling of teleprinters required\u00a0special training<\/strong>\u00a0and therefore in 1937, the Greek Government established training departments in various telegraph offices in order to train telegraph operators in the Baudot and Teletype systems.<\/p>\n

The installation of the teleprinter\u00a0increased<\/strong>\u00a0the telegraphic correspondence\u00a0by<\/strong>\u00a05% each year<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1949<\/span>\n
The exchange of images with an external wireless system of phototelegraphy was launched with the first trial transmission to America.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1949<\/b>\n

The\u00a0grand opening of the new service<\/strong>\u00a0was held at the Central Telegraph Office of Athens, on\u00a01st September 1949<\/strong>, with the presence of the Ministers of TTT, the press and high standing executives of the Cable and Wireless company, which was responsible for the installation and operation of the telephoto machine.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Telephotography Service of OTE<\/strong>\u00a0(Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation founded in 10th November 1949)\u00a0operated until the late 1990s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The picture illustrates a system for transmitting reportorial photos over long distances.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1957<\/span>\n
Operation, for the first time, of the Telex Service.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1957<\/b>\n

Subscribers connected to the network of OTE and were able to conduct\u00a0direct telegraphic correspondence<\/strong>\u00a0with the domestic users of Telex, the users of Telex abroad or their home telegraph office.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Telex service<\/strong>\u00a0(short for Teleprinter exchange), which was a system of teleprinters connected to each other, was\u00a0launched in Germany in 1933<\/strong>\u00a0and flourished in Europe after 1945. It is considered the\u00a0precursor<\/strong>\u00a0of the fax, the email and texting.<\/p>\n

On the\u00a01st of June, the Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation took over the exploitation<\/strong>\u00a0of external telegraphic correspondence, which was theretofore within the domain of Cable & Wireless.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1969<\/span>\n
The Morse telegraph is abolished in Greece. The telephotographic service is extended.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1969<\/b>\n

The number of Morse telegraphs<\/strong>, due to the expansion of teletypes<\/strong>, gradually decreased throughout the 1960s so that in 1968 there were only 13 in operation. The following year the last of these operators and receivers that received and sent telegrams<\/strong> using the Morse system<\/strong> were withdrawn.<\/p>\n

In the same year, 4 new telephotography devices were installed in Athens and Thessaloniki to provide a faster service for photojournalism and the press. The service operated 24 hours, seven days a week.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 2019<\/span>\n
The telegraphic service is abolished.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 2019<\/b>\n

Since the 1970s<\/strong>, telegraph traffic has been in steady decline<\/strong> due to the expansion of the telephone network<\/strong> and since the 1990s<\/strong> due to the advent of mobile telephony and the Internet.<\/strong> The operation of the telegraph service is now becoming uneconomic, but its maintenance is dictated by its social character. The service was finally discontinued in 2019,<\/strong> 160 years after the first submarine telegraph cables<\/strong> were laid, connecting Greece to the international telegraph network.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>

\n
\n
\n \n 1892<\/span>\n
The government of Charilaou Trikoupi is passing the law \"on telephone transport\", through which the state monopoly is secured.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n 1892<\/b>\n
\n
The government of Charilaou Trikoupi is passing the law \"on telephone transport\", through which the state monopoly is secured. This law decided for the first time the installation of landlines in Athens.<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1896<\/span>\n                    
The Postal and Telegraph Directorate (PT) assumes responsibility of Telephone Services<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1896<\/b>\n                    
The Postal and Telegraph Directorate (PT) assumes responsibility of Telephone Services, creating the\u00a0Postal, Telegraph and Telephony\u00a0Directorate (PTT) of the Internal Affairs Ministry.\u00a0The first Telephone Exchange in Greece is installed, in Athens, with the number of subscribers reaching 60.<\/p>\n
* The photo shows a view of the TTT building, in the neoclassical Mela mansion, located in today's Kotzia square.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1908<\/span>\n                    
\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf 3277\u00a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 8\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1908<\/b>\n                    
\n
Law 3277 of April 8 establishes the body of answering machines.\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1914<\/span>\n                    
Law 276 of 1914 establishes the Ministry of Communications, where the Telephony, Post and Telegraph Service (TTT) is transferred as the General Directorate.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1914<\/b>\n                    
Law 276 of 1914 establishes the Ministry of Communications, where the Telephony, Post and Telegraph Service (TTT) is transferred as the General Directorate.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1920<\/span>\n                    
The landline telephone service has 5,267 mobile phones across the country. Long-distance calls reach 100,000.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1920<\/b>\n                    
The landline telephone service has 5,267 mobile phones across the country. Long-distance calls reach 100,000.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1922<\/span>\n                    
The Ministry of Telephony, Posts and Telegraphs (TTT) is established, which is abolished in 1923 and its services are returned to the Ministry of Communications.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1922<\/b>\n                    
The Ministry of Telephony, Posts and Telegraphs (TTT) is established, which is abolished in 1923 and its services are returned to the Ministry of Communications.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1930<\/span>\n                    
The contract with Siemens is ratified and the telephony operates as a Telephone Communications Societe Anonyme (AETE) until the establishment of OTE.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1930<\/b>\n                    
The contract with Siemens is ratified and the telephony operates as a Telephone Communications Societe Anonyme (AETE) until the establishment of OTE. AETE will undertake the automatic telephony inside the country, under the supervision of the state service of Telephony, Posts and Telegraphs (TTT) which undertakes the manual telephony.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1931<\/span>\n                    
Automatic call centres. Increase of subscribers.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1931<\/b>\n                    
In the decade 1931-1940 AETE<\/strong> installed Siemens-Strowger pacemaker type automatic telephone exchanges in Athens and in 20 other cities of the province. The 8,5000 subscribers of 1929 became 44,917 on the eve of the war.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1933<\/span>\n                    
The first telephone directory of AETE<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1933<\/b>\n                    
AETE's first telephone directory includes approximately 8,000 subscribers<\/strong> in Athens, Piraeus and the surrounding areas.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1945<\/span>\n                    
The telephone network is destroyed during World War II<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1945<\/b>\n                    
The war and occupation of 1940-1944<\/strong> destroyed most of the telephone network. Especially in Athens, the telephone exchanges were 75% out of service. Of the 32,643 subscribers<\/strong> in Athens in October 1944<\/strong>, only 6,000 subscribers<\/strong> will remain in January 1945<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1949<\/span>\n                    
The Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (OTE) is established (Law 1049\/49).<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1949<\/b>\n                    
The Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (OTE) is established (Law 1049\/49). The now unified national telecommunications operator undertakes the operation of all telecommunications services that until then belonged to the General Directorate of Telephony, Posts and Telegraphs (TTT), the Hellenic Telephone Company (AETE) and the Electric Company of Rhodes.<\/p>\n
* The photo is from the opening day.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1953<\/span>\n                    
The first telephone directory of subscribers in Athens, Piraeus and surroundings is published.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1953<\/b>\n                    
The first telephone directory of subscribers in Athens, Piraeus and surroundings is published.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1965<\/span>\n                    
The long distance telephone network of the country is automated.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1965<\/b>\n                    
The long distance telephone network of the country is automated.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1970<\/span>\n                    
The first antenna of the Center for Satellite Communications of Thermopylae is installed (the 6th in Europe).<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1970<\/b>\n                    
The first antenna of the Center for Satellite Communications of Thermopylae is installed (the 6th in Europe).<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1970<\/span>\n                    
OTE TV at the Thessaloniki International Fair.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1970<\/b>\n                    
In October 1965, EIR<\/strong> had installed its first television studio on the 5th floor of NYMA,<\/strong> where OTE had provided three rooms for the transmission of the experimental television programme. In 1970, OTE itself would install its own studio on the 10th floor of the building on September 3rd Street.<\/strong> This studio was transported by van to Thessaloniki during the International Fair<\/strong>. The first programme of the OTE station in Thessaloniki would be broadcast in September 1970 and would continue for the next two years. The broadcasts left a very good impression, with the press of the time writing that \"it is an example of how much and how beneficial television can be\" (Ta Simerina, 25.9.1972).<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1971<\/span>\n                    
The first issue of the Yellow Pages with the professionals of the capital is published.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1971<\/b>\n                    
The first issue of the Yellow Pages with the professionals of the capital is published.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1988<\/span>\n                    
At the end of 1988, the imposing OTE Administrative Palace in Maroussi started operating.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1988<\/b>\n                    
At the end of 1988, the imposing OTE Administrative Palace in Maroussi started operating. The decision to build the Board of Directors in Athens was taken by the Board of Directors of OTE in the mid-1960s. A Panhellenic tender was held for the construction of the Palace. The task of selecting the best solution was undertaken by an eight-member jury of scientists. The first prize was not awarded, while the preparation of the study for the construction of the Administration Building was assigned to a group of scholars who received the second prize, whose proposal was implemented and provided for a multi-storey building in the shape of a \"star in plan\".<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1990<\/span>\n                    
OTE Telecommunications Museum is established a wide fiber optic network is installed.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1990<\/b>\n                    
OTE Telecommunications Museum is established a wide fiber optic network is installed.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1992<\/span>\n                    
The first 350 prepaid phones are installed.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1992<\/b>\n                    
The first 350 prepaid phones are installed.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1994<\/span>\n                    
The new Satellite Communications Center is inaugurated in Nemea.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1994<\/b>\n                    
The new Satellite Communications Center is inaugurated in Nemea.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1996<\/span>\n                    
OTE is listed on the Athens Stock Exchange.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1996<\/b>\n                    
OTE is listed on the Athens Stock Exchange. The mobile telephony company COSMOTE is recommended. The internet service provider OTENET is recommended.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1998<\/span>\n                    
The commercial operation of COSMOTE launches.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1998<\/b>\n                    
The commercial operation of COSMOTE launches. Greek company listed on NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) for the first time.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2001<\/span>\n                    
The fixed telephony market in Greece is liberalized.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2001<\/b>\n                    
The fixed telephony market in Greece is liberalized.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2003<\/span>\n                    
On May 13, 2003, the Hellas Sat 2 satellite is launched from Cape Canaveral.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2003<\/b>\n                    
On May 13, 2003, the Hellas Sat 2 satellite is launched from Cape Canaveral.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2004<\/span>\n                    
\u039f \u039f\u03a4\u0395 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 COSMOTE \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039f\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u0391 2004 \u03c9\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03a7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03af.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2004<\/b>\n                    
OTE and COSMOTE contribute the most to the successful realization of the ATHENS 2004 Olympic Games as Major National Sponsors.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2009<\/span>\n                    
OTE presents Conn-x TV.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2009<\/b>\n                    
OTE introduces the Conn-x TV which is based on IPTV technology, which enables the transmission of the TV signal through the telecommunication cables.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2010<\/span>\n                    
OTE and COSMOTE take over Sponsors of the SPECIAL OLYMPICS ATHENS 2011 World Games. OTE exits the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2010<\/b>\n                    
OTE and COSMOTE undertake Sponsors of the SPECIAL OLYMPICS World Games ATHENS 2011<\/p>\n
OTE exits the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2011<\/span>\n                    
A new era begins for pay-TV services in Greece.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2011<\/b>\n                    
A new era begins for pay-TV services in Greece. The OTE TV service is presented via Satellite and all the pay-TV services are integrated.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2012<\/span>\n                    
New high speed Internet, VDSL speeds up to 50 Mbps are commercially available.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2012<\/b>\n                    
New high speed Internet, VDSL speeds up to 50 Mbps are commercially available.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2015<\/span>\n                    
The single COSMOTE brand is established.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2015<\/b>\n                    
The single COSMOTE brand is established.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2016<\/span>\n                    
Establishment of COSMOTE TV<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2016<\/b>\n                    
As part of its strategy to create a single brand, the OTE Group renames OTE TV to COSMOTE TV,<\/strong> while the Cosmote History channel<\/strong> is created, with a programme dedicated to Greek history and culture.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2017<\/span>\n                    
 Launch of the FTTH project<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2017<\/b>\n                    
OTE Group is piloting the new fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network<\/strong> in the Municipality of Athens, providing Internet speeds of up to 1 Gbps.<\/strong> By 2023<\/strong>, OTE will expand its fiber network in Greece, having installed more than 80% of FTTH lines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2023<\/span>\n                    
Digital society for all<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2023<\/b>\n                    
By the end of 2023, more than 1.3 million households and businesses will have access to FTTH<\/strong> and more than 7.4 million citizens will benefit from OTE's digital inclusion actions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1910<\/span>\n                    
Lars Magnus Ericsson, the Swedish inventor of the telephone device, installs a portable telephone in his wife's car.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1910<\/b>\n                    
Lars Magnus Ericsson, the Swedish inventor of the telephone device, installs a portable telephone in his wife's car.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1921<\/span>\n                    
They are placed in Chicago police cars, radios that signal emergency situations.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1921<\/b>\n                    
They are placed in Chicago police cars, radios that signal emergency situations.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1931<\/span>\n                    
Two-way radios are displayed that allow you to talk and listen at the same time without having to press a button.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1931<\/b>\n                    
Two-way radios are displayed that allow you to talk and listen at the same time without having to press a button.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1940<\/span>\n                    
Wireless transceivers (Walkie-Talkie) are available that can be carried by a human.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1940<\/b>\n                    
Wireless transceivers (Walkie-Talkie) are available that can be carried by a human.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1946<\/span>\n                    
This is the first time a radiotelephone connection has been made to a landline.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1946<\/b>\n                    
This is the first time a radiotelephone connection has been made to a landline.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1950<\/span>\n                    
The first mobile phones were car telephones and operated on a single frequency, a specific communication channel.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1950<\/b>\n                    
The first mobile phones were car telephones and operated on a single frequency, a specific communication channel.
\nThe radiotelephone consists of a transmitter, a receiver and its module mounted in the luggage compartment. They are powered by the car battery.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1955<\/span>\n                    
The first commercial mobile network in Sweden is created.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1955<\/b>\n                    
The first commercial mobile network in Sweden is created.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1960<\/span>\n                    
The technology of transistors is emerging, the size and weight of mobile phones are shrinking, they are more widespread, but they remain car accessories.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1960<\/b>\n                    
The technology of transistors is emerging, the size and weight of mobile phones are shrinking, they are more widespread, but they remain car accessories.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1964<\/span>\n                    
The first commercial mobile network in the USA is created.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1964<\/b>\n                    
The first commercial mobile network in the USA is created.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1970<\/span>\n                    
The first tests and applications of the cellular system begin. The first mobile phones appear.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1970<\/b>\n                    
The first tests and applications of the cellular system begin. The first mobile phones appear.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1973<\/span>\n                    
The first cellular phone call is made by Martin Cooper, a Motorola engineer.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1973<\/b>\n                    
The first cellular phone call is made by Martin Cooper, a Motorola engineer.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1979<\/span>\n                    
The first commercial network with cells is operating in Japan.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1979<\/b>\n                    
The first commercial network with cells is operating in Japan.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1980<\/span>\n                    
The first analog mobile phones are released.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1980<\/b>\n                    
The first analog mobile phones are released. Most are the size of a small suitcase.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1981<\/span>\n                    
The Nordic countries are creating a common analog network with cells.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1981<\/b>\n                    
The Nordic countries are creating a common analog cellular network, which allows roaming and gives growth lead to mobile phone companies such as Ericsson and Nokia.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1982<\/span>\n                    
The countries of the European Community are starting to work together on a single mobile telephony system, GSM.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1982<\/b>\n                    
The countries of the European Community are starting to work together on a single mobile telephony system, GSM.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1983<\/span>\n                    
The DynaTac 8000X, the first mobile phone, is released.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1983<\/b>\n                    
The DynaTac 8000X is released, the first mobile phone that can be easily carried by a human. It costs very expensive.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1989<\/span>\n                    
The MicroTac, the first small mobile phone, is released.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1989<\/b>\n                    
The MicroTac, the first small mobile phone, is released.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1991<\/span>\n                    
GSM, the first common mobile system, is being completed.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1991<\/b>\n                    
GSM, the first common mobile system, is being completed. It is immediately adopted by many other countries outside Europe.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1992<\/span>\n                    
In 1992, GSM, the Global System for Mobile Telephony, was launched.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1992<\/b>\n                    
In 1992, GSM, the Global System for Mobile Telephony, was launched.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    1998<\/span>\n                    
Cosmote starts its commercial operation in the field of mobile telephony.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    1998<\/b>\n                    
Cosmote starts its commercial operation in the field of mobile telephony. The first two licenses of mobile telephony companies are issued in Greece and the first networks are installed.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2001<\/span>\n                    
Introduction of third generation mobile (3G)<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2001<\/b>\n                    
3G<\/strong> offered data speeds of up to 2 Mbps<\/strong>, allowing Internet browsing, email<\/strong> and basic multimedia applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2007<\/span>\n                    
The age of smartphones.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2007<\/b>\n                    
The introduction of the Apple iPhone<\/strong> to the market massively massaged the use of touchscreen<\/strong> and operating systems based on widely used apps, revolutionizing the mobile industry and setting new standards for the functionality of mobile devices.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2009<\/span>\n                    
Introduction of the fourth generation of mobile phones (4G)<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2009<\/b>\n                    
The fourth generation<\/strong> of mobiles provided maximum speeds of up to 100 Mbps<\/strong>, allowing HD video streaming , online gaming and video conferencing on mobile devices.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2014<\/span>\n                    
Payment and financial services.<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2014<\/b>\n                    
Services such as Apple Pay, Google Wallet and Samsung Pay<\/strong> turned smartphones into payment devices<\/strong>, driving the global adoption of contactless payments, while mobile banking became massive, with apps allowing users to manage financial banking and accounting data.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2019<\/span>\n                    
Introduction of the fifth generation of mobile phones (5G)<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2019<\/b>\n                    
5G networks<\/strong> offered speeds of up to 10 Gbps<\/strong> and extremely low latency.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>
\n            
\n                
\n                    \n                    2021<\/span>\n                    
First commercial use of 5G Network Slicing<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                    2021<\/b>\n                    
5G network slicing<\/strong> allows network operators to dedicate a part of the network to providing specific functions for a specific customer segment.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div>