{"id":40617,"date":"2026-05-04T14:36:37","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T14:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/?p=40617"},"modified":"2026-05-04T14:36:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T14:36:39","slug":"telephone-directory-the-living-snapshot-of-a-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/en\/discover\/mt-stories\/telephone-directory-the-living-snapshot-of-a-society\/","title":{"rendered":"Telephone Directory: The Living Snapshot of a Society"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In the 1968 film <em><strong>Humble and Despised<\/strong><\/em>, the protagonist, Nikos Xanthopoulos, arrives in Athens from the provinces. Feeling lost in the big city, he meets a young shoeshine boy, Vasilakis Kailas, on the street, and the following exchange takes place in front of a kiosk:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Come on, mister, let me start the day with my first customer.<br>\u2014 I\u2019ll give you half a fifty-drachma note if you tell me <strong>how I can find someone whose address I don\u2019t know<\/strong>. His name is Lakis Anastopoulos.<br>\u2014 Easy, very easy \u2014 <strong>with the telephone directory<\/strong>. You\u2019ll go through all the Anastopouloses and you\u2019ll find him.<br>\u2014 Help me make the phone call, because I\u2019ve never even opened a primer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the film\u2019s na\u00efvet\u00e9, the dialogue is <strong>indicative<\/strong> of the place held by OTE\u2019s telephone directory in Greek society. In essence, it served <strong>as an urban guide for every household. \u201cThe permanent bestseller,\u201d<\/strong> as newspapers described it in 1968:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWith each new edition, the telephone directory is leafed through with interest because it contains information that not only impresses but also reveals. One realizes just how indispensable the telephone has become today (&#8230;). For an airplane to unroll the paper used to print the new directory, <strong>it would have to circle the Earth\u2019s Equator one and a half times.<\/strong>\u201d In other words, each new edition of the telephone directory was almost <strong>a small ecological disaster<\/strong>, caused by a book that everyone had at home and that had to be reprinted every year, as the number of subscribers was constantly changing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-40623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-7.png 830w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-7-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-7-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-7-667x453.png 667w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cSpeak clearly and in a low voice.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The first<\/strong> telephone directory was printed <strong>in 1878 in New Haven, in the United States<\/strong>, by the local telephone company. It consisted of a single page, <strong>contained 50 names in non-alphabetical order<\/strong>, and included no telephone numbers. The directory existed mainly to inform subscribers of the identity of the other telephone owners. Since automatic telephony had not yet been invented, the telephone user would pick up the receiver and tell the operator the name of the subscriber with whom they wished to speak<strong>. Numbers were not necessary.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Greece, the first standalone telephone directory was <strong>printed in 1911 by D. Terzopoulos and contained 967 subscribers<\/strong>. In the opening pages of the directories from this early period, there were <strong>instructions on the proper use of the telephone<\/strong>, such as:\u201cIt is absolutely necessary, when conversing, to stand directly opposite the microphone and at a distance of 5 centimetres from it.\u201d There were also recommendations urging subscribers not to ask the telephone operators <strong>pointless questions, such as \u201cWho is there?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-40627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-8.png 830w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-8-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-8-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-8-667x453.png 667w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A significant historical source<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In 2001<\/strong>, almost a century after the publication of the first telephone directory in Greece, <strong>the Yellow Pages, OTE\u2019s professional directory, went digital<\/strong>. With the spread of <strong>digital and online services<\/strong>, the era of printed subscriber directories <strong>came to an end. <\/strong>Today, however, these books can be read not simply as <strong>obsolete objects from the past<\/strong>, but <strong>as historical documents<\/strong> <strong>recording the diffusion of technology into everyday life. <\/strong>They also make visible patterns of urbanization, commercial geography, and class and gender differentiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In the 1925<\/strong> telephone directory of mainland Greece, <strong>among the 2,359 subscribers<\/strong> in Athens, there were <strong>only 40 women<\/strong>, some of them famous figures such as Marika Kotopouli and Louisa Riancour. Telephony was still <strong>a male affair<\/strong>. In Thessaloniki, 23% of subscribers had Jewish names, an indication of the <strong>high proportion of the city\u2019s Jewish population<\/strong> before the Holocaust. In Athens, <strong>only 28%<\/strong> of the numbers corresponded to <strong>households<\/strong>. The remaining subscribers were professionals \u2014 mainly doctors and lawyers \u2014 as well as companies, shops, offices, especially stockbroking firms, and public services. Together with its numerous advertising entries, the 1925 telephone directory looked more <strong>like a professional guide to Greece, or a map of the upper middle class.<\/strong> To \u201cbe in the directory\u201d meant being <strong>socially recognizable and commercially accessible.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, from a simple, <strong>practical object of the past, <\/strong>the telephone directory has today become a rich tool of historical research, offering <strong>a living \u201csnapshot\u201d of a society.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"633\" src=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-40631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-9.png 830w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-9-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-9-768x586.png 768w, https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MT-Stories-New-Templates_26_Artboard-93-copy-9-667x509.png 667w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the 1968 film Humble and Despised, the protagonist, Nikos Xanthopoulos, arrives in Athens from the provinces. Feeling lost in the big city, he meets a young shoeshine boy, Vasilakis Kailas, on the street, and the following exchange takes place in front of a kiosk: \u2014 Come on, mister, let me start the day with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Telephone Directory: The Living Snapshot of a Society - Otemuseum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/en\/discover\/mt-stories\/telephone-directory-the-living-snapshot-of-a-society\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Telephone Directory: The Living Snapshot of a Society - Otemuseum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the 1968 film Humble and Despised, the protagonist, Nikos Xanthopoulos, arrives in Athens from the provinces. 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