{"id":33693,"date":"2025-05-30T13:05:37","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T13:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/?post_type=ti-simvainei-sto-mou&#038;p=33693"},"modified":"2025-06-02T07:27:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T07:27:46","slug":"analog-signals-go-digital","status":"publish","type":"ti-simvainei-sto-mou","link":"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/en\/whats-on\/news\/analog-signals-go-digital\/","title":{"rendered":"Analog signals go digital"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Signal transmission<\/strong> <strong>in telecommunications<\/strong> faced several <strong>challenges <\/strong>until <strong>the mid-20th century<\/strong>. Signal quality, intensity, and the amount of information that could be transmitted were some of the issues that had to be addressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Analog signal &#8211; the first type of signal<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the early stages of telecommunications, the signal was sent in <strong>analog form<\/strong>. The analog signal takes <strong>continuous values<\/strong> as a function of time. Think of it as comparing <strong>analog clocks<\/strong> with <strong>digital clocks<\/strong>. The former show us a constantly changing relationship between the hands, while the latter show distinct values for seconds, minutes, and hours. <strong>Analog signals<\/strong> were more prone to <strong>noise<\/strong> and <strong>interference<\/strong>, their signal quality degraded over long distances, they were <strong>more difficult to encrypt, and they carried less data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>PCM &#8211; 1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The digitization of the signal by <strong>Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)<\/strong> from <strong>1960<\/strong> onwards would dramatically expand the possibilities of telecommunications. <strong>Analog signal processing<\/strong> is done in <strong>three steps<\/strong>: <strong>sampling<\/strong> (selecting specific signal values), <strong>quantization <\/strong>(assigning values to specific levels), and <strong>encoding<\/strong> (converting the value to a binary number).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The consequences<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The consequences of PCM technology are still felt today. Important telecommunications technologies, and others, are based on PCM technology. Technologies such as <strong>ISDN<\/strong> (Integrated Services Digital Network), <strong>2G<\/strong> (second generation cellular network technology in mobile telephony), <strong>VoIP<\/strong> (Voice over Internet Protocol), <strong>CD<\/strong>, and <strong>MP3<\/strong> would not be possible without PCM technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Photo<\/strong>: <em><strong>IC (integrated circuits) meter<\/strong> from the <strong>Museum&#8217;s collection<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Signal transmission in telecommunications faced several challenges until the mid-20th century. Signal quality, intensity, and the amount of information that could be transmitted were some of the issues that had to be addressed. Analog signal &#8211; the first type of signal In the early stages of telecommunications, the signal was sent in analog form. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":34159,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"simvainei-categ":[138],"class_list":["post-33693","ti-simvainei-sto-mou","type-ti-simvainei-sto-mou","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","simvainei-categ-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Analog signals go digital - Otemuseum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.otegroupmuseum.gr\/en\/whats-on\/news\/analog-signals-go-digital\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analog signals go digital - Otemuseum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Signal transmission in telecommunications faced several challenges until the mid-20th century. 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